Jackson Personality Inventory - Revised (JPI-R)

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Personality can determine important characteristics like dependability, self-discipline, leadership, and the ability to make a good impression on others. The Jackson Personality Inventory-Revised (JPI-R) is widely considered to be one of the most psychometrically sound measures of personality. In one convenient form, the JPI-R provides a measure of personality that reflects a variety of social, cognitive, and value orientations, which affect an individual’s functioning.

Description

The JPI-R's 15 scales are as follows, organised in terms of five higher-order clusters:

Applications

• Assessment of normal adult personality.
• Useful for personnel selection and in counseling settings.
• Research requiring a broad coverage of personality dimensions.

Key Benefits

• Broader-based norms, including updated college norms, and entirely new norms for blue and white-collar workers.
• Removal of the Infrequency scale to facilitate use for employment screening.
• New and modified items on the Traditional Values scale to increase the relevance of items for predicting work-related criteria.
• Scale reorganisation in terms of five higher-order dimensions: Analytical, Extroverted, Emotional, Opportunistic, and Dependable.
• Compilation of new research findings.

Elaborate Test Construction

A large item pool and two separate item analyses have helped create a superior test that is highly reliable and sensitive to response biases. In particular, the items selected correlate minimally with desirability--the tendency to answer in a way that "sounds good", rather than answering honestly. The JPI-R also has special features that help detect random, or non-purposeful responding.

The first item analysis was designed to maximise content saturation, scale reliabilities, and item variance, as well as suppressing desirability bias. The second analysis concentrated on minimising interscale redundancy. In many situations, it is important to identify people who have not conscientiously responded to the JPI-R, so these responses can be removed from the sample. The Response Consistency Index measures patterns of responses to detect random or unusual responding.

Technical Information

Norms

Norms include the responses of 1107 individuals (367 males and 740 females) drawn from educational institutions in North America. A second set of norms is based on the responses of 893 (629 male and 264 female) blue-collar workers. A third set of norms is derived form the responses of 555 senior executives. These sets of norms are representative of scale scores from three relatively large and unique segments of the population.

Reliability

In two studies, median internal consistency reliabilities (Bentler's Theta) were .90 and .93. Item-total correlations indicate that items correlate higher on average with their own scale's total score than they do with the total score on any of the other 14 scales.

Validity

Several studies provide evidence of JPI-R's validity and usefulness in a very wide variety of settings. Data in JPI-R validity included analyses of two multitrait-multimethod matrices employing adjective checklist, self-rating, and peer ratings. Hundreds of correlations of JPI scales with a variety of criteria, ranging from occupational preferences to relationships with dimensions of executive performance also provide support. In addition, correlations between the JPI-R and several well-known measures of personality provide evidence of convergent and discriminant validity.